• Long history of use in religious ceremonies and for perfume production and its medicinal properties have been appreciated for millennia.
• In India, the gum resin exudates of Boswellia serrata, known in the vernacular as "Salai guggal", has been used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine in the management of several inflammatory disorders.

• Sesquiterpenoid essential oils (8-12%),
  
• Polysaccharides (45-60%),
  
• Higher terpenoids, including Boswellic acids (25–35%).
  
  
Boswellin® PS is obtained from the gum exudate of Boswellia serrata trees commonly known as Frankincense.

• AKBBA 10% (MIN)
  
• Total Identified Boswellic Acids 20% (MIN)
  
• Total Organic Acids 35% (MIN)
  
  
In addition to the active Boswellic acids, Boswellin® PS also contains Polysal which contributes to its immediate anti-inflammatory action.

• 100% Natural
  
• No Excipients
  
• No Preservatives
  
• Enhanced solubility in Water
  
• Enhanced AKBBA content than regular Boswellin®
  
• Contains Full-Spectrum Anti-Inflammatory Bio-actives from Boswellia Gum
  
• Standardized and contains both the hydrophilic and lipophilic fractions of Boswellia Gum
  
• Enhanced Safety

• Boswellin® PS contains the Boswellic acids and Polysal, both of which provide anti-inflammatory action.
• The water-soluble Polysal initiates and supports the anti-inflammatory activity, while the lipid-soluble Boswellic acids help to provide a sustained action.

• β -Boswellic acid
  
• Acetyl- β -Boswellic acid
  
• 11-keto- β -Boswellic acid
  
• Acetyl -11 –keto –β -Boswellic acid

• Polysal has been reported to contain mainly neutral sugars as Polysaccharides.
• The polysaccharide is reported to primarily consist of galactose, arabinose and D-glucuronic acid.
• 4-o-methyl-glucuronoarabino-galactan has been identified as one of the polysaccharides.
  
• The polysaccharide has a molecular weight of 5.1 – 5.6 X 105 against dextran standards.
• The polysaccharide has an Optical Rotation [α]_D – 10.50 and contains 64% to 69% neutral sugars.
  

• Leukotrienes are fatty acids which are formed from arachidonic acid by an enzyme called Lipoxygenase.
• Function of Leukotrienes is to sustain the inflammatory reactions in the body by acting as chemo attractants for leucocytes that are the reservoirs of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNFα.
• Boswellic acids are reported to be non competitive inhibitors of 5-Lipoxygenase enzyme.
• AKBBA has been shown to be the most potent inhibitor of 5-Lipoxygenase enzyme.
  

• HLE is a serine protease and play an important role in several inflammatory diseases like
  
  • Cystic fibrosis
    
  • Pulmonary emphysema
    
  • Rheumatic arthritis
    
  • Chronic bronchitis
• Boswellic acids block the HLE activity

          Dual inhibition of HLE and 5- Lipoxygenase enzyme is unique to the Boswellic acids

• Polysal showed a dose dependent anti-inflammatory potential, similar to the Boswellic acids.
• The Polysal and Boswellic acids when combined exhibited an enhanced effect with regard to its anti-inflammatory potential.

• In vitro - TNFα estimation in murine neutrophils
• In vivo - TNFα, IL-1β and inducible Nitric oxide (NO) estimation in male Swiss Albino mice
• In vivo study in Wistar Albino arthritis induced rats
  
  • Developing arthritis (Prophylactic effect)
    
  • Established arthritis (Therapeutic effect)
    • Endpoints
      • Paw oedema
      • Tissue cytokines
        
        1. LTB4
           
        2. TNFα
           
        3. PGE2
           

• LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) (E. Coli, Sigma Aldrich, India) endotoxin is an important triggering factor for systemic inflammatory response.
• TNF-α cytokine is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine and plays a very important role in the pathogenesis of septic shock induced by LPS.
• Anti-inflammatory potential of Boswellin® and Boswellin® PS was evaluated by Flow Cytometer studies in murine neutrophils.
  

• TNF – α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) is a cytokine involved in systemic inflammation and stimulates the acute phase reaction.
• Dysregulation of TNF production has been implicated in a variety of human diseases including cancer.
  

• IL-1β (interleukin-1 beta) is one of the most potent pro‐inflammatory cytokines involved both in physiological immune responses and in the development of various immunopathological disorders.
• Checking IL-1β levels is useful in monitoring and diagnosis of various diseases including inflammatory, immunological and bone diseases.
  

• Appropriate levels of Nitric Oxide production are important in protecting an organ such as the liver from ischemic damage.
• However sustained levels of NO production result in direct tissue toxicity and contribute to the vascular collapse.
• Chronic expression of NO is associated with various carcinomas and inflammatory conditions including juvenile diabetes, multiple sclerosis, arthritis and ulcerative colitis.

• Polysal and Boswellic acids were compared and evaluated for their anti-arthritic potential in male wistar rats.
• Inhibition of oedema was studied on adjuvant induced developing and developed arthritic groups of animals.

• The significant dose related inhibition of TNF-α in both in vitro and in vivo pre-clinical test models was observed in the isolated murine neutrophils.
• Boswellin® PS was shown to have most significant dose related anti-arthritic activity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis induced developing adjuvant arthritis test in rats which was comparatively more than the other test materials.
• Boswellin® PS showed the significant inhibition of absolute oedema by different test materials in Mycobacterium tuberculosis induced established adjuvant arthritis.
• Boswellin® PS may be
  
  • partially immunosuppressive in nature and
    
  • partially it may be due to the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators.
    

• Both Boswellic acids and Polysal were found to have good safety profile.
• Acute Oral Toxicity (LD₀) [OECD Guideline] for Boswellic Acids was found to be 2000mg/kg b.w.
• Acute Oral Toxicity (LD₀) [OECD Guideline] for Polysal was found to be 2000mg/kg b.w.
  

• Boswellin® PS can be suggested at a dosage of up to 200mg, 2 times a day.

• Boswellin® PS can find potential use in management of various inflammatory disorders.
  
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
    
  • Osteoarthritis
    
  • Chronic colitis
    
  • Ulcerative colitis
    
  • Crohn's disease
    
  • Bronchial asthma
    
  • Peritumoral brain edemas